Latest Blog Articles
Smart Hospitals: AI Video Analytics for Hospitals
Transforming traditional hospital operations into smart, efficient systems hinges on overcoming challenges like overcrowded waiting rooms, patient flow bottlenecks, and security concerns. AI-driven video analytics is key to this transformation, offering real-time insights, automating critical processes, and enhancing patient safety. By optimizing patient flow through occupancy monitoring, queue management, and ensuring security with violence and slip detection, hospitals can elevate care quality and streamline their operations, resulting in a more efficient, data-driven healthcare environment.
How Video Surveillance is Shaping Transparent and Fair Elections
Technology, particularly video surveillance, plays a vital role in safeguarding elections. By monitoring polling stations, overseeing the counting process, and protecting high-risk areas, video surveillance enhances transparency and integrity, enabling officials to detect and address irregularities swiftly. In this article, we will explore the critical role of video surveillance in election security, examining how it can contribute to a transparent, reliable electoral process where the will of the people is fully represented.
Ultimate Black Friday Crowd Management Guide: Key Strategies for Retail Success
During the hustle and bustle of Black Friday, brick-and-mortar retailers face challenges like overcrowding, long wait times, and customer bottlenecks. This article explores how AI-driven video analytics can revolutionize crowd management, transforming these challenges into opportunities.
Parking Guidance Systems for Shopping Malls
Managing parking spaces has never been easier with AI-powered video analytics parking guidance systems. These advanced solutions offer features such as real-time occupancy tracking, automatic license plate recognition, and vehicle identification, providing a more streamlined and efficient parking experience for your customers at malls.
Boosting Halloween Retail Sales with AI Video Analytics
Halloween is a critical time for the retail industry, with a surge in demand for seasonal products like costumes and decorations. Retailers face challenges in managing high foot traffic, optimizing store layouts, and ensuring a seamless shopping experience. AI video analytics emerges as a powerful tool to help retailers address these challenges. In this article we will deep dive into how AI video analytics transforms retail sales and the benefits of using video analytics.
QSR Video Analytics | How AI transforms Restaurants
In the fast-paced world of quick service restaurants (QSR), staying ahead of the competition requires embracing emerging technologies. One such innovation is artificial intelligence (AI), which has the potential to revolutionize restaurant operations. This article delves into the transformative impact of AI-driven video analytics in QSR settings, highlighting how it can enhance efficiency, optimize processes, and drive success in a highly competitive market.
Understanding Queue Management Systems: The Mechanism Behind
Whether it’s an airport, museum, shopping mall, or library, long queues and extended waiting times can frustrate visitors and diminish their overall experience. This is where Queue Management Systems (QMS), enhanced by AI video analytics, come into play. In this blog post, we will explore how AI-powered queue management systems work, their technical foundations, and their applications across various industries.
How People Counting Enhances Tenant Management in Malls
Managing tenants in shopping malls efficiently requires insightful data to make informed decisions. But how can people counting systems contribute to this? In this article, we’ll delve into the key benefits of people counting technologies for tenant management. Learn how AI video analytics can provide valuable insights into foot traffic patterns, helping mall operators optimize tenant performance, enhance customer satisfaction, and improve space utilization, ultimately driving growth for the entire mall.
Smart Solutions at Oktoberfest: Video Analytics for Event Security and Management
The most exciting time of the year has arrived in Munich—Oktoberfest is here! Every year, thousands of visitors from across the globe gather for this iconic festival. With such large-scale events, ensuring smooth operations and maintaining safety are paramount. In this article, we’ll explore how AI video analytics is revolutionizing event management of all sizes, especially as the Oktoberfest season kicks off.
People Counting for Retail Analytics
Having the right tools to collect and analyze retail analytics is essential for retailers aiming to increase sales and stay competitive. But what exactly are people counting systems, and how do they benefit a business? Keep reading to learn about the different types of people counting technologies and discover how AI video analytics can transform your store’s operations, helping you make data-driven decisions that drive growth and optimize customer experiences.
How to Optimize Space Utilization in Museums Through AI
By integrating AI technology, museums can now access detailed insights into visitor flow, patron counting, exhibit interaction, and space usage. With AI video analytics, museums can intelligently optimize their layouts, prevent overcrowding, guide visitors more effectively, and create a more immersive, seamless experience that benefits both the institution and its audiences. In this article, we will discuss the importance of space utilization and the application of visitor flow analysis.
Unlocking Deeper Visitor Engagement with Footfall Analysis
In museums with diverse visitor flow, AI video analytics optimize space, enhance the experience, and provide insights into exhibit navigation with its features. In this article, we will explore how footfall analysis and line counting features work together to make a comprehensive understanding of visitor patterns, and how AI applications can boost museum operations and visitor engagement.
How AI is Transforming Museum Operations: A Comprehensive Guide
2020 was a challenging year for museums worldwide, as the pandemic forced many to close their doors and rethink their strategies. However, those that embraced technology and AI found innovative ways to not only survive but also thrive. This article explores how these advanced tools are enabling museums to expand their reach, connect with global audiences, and transform their operations for the digital age.
The Role of AI Video Analytics in Enhancing Museum Security
In recent years, museums around the world have faced a surge in security breaches and activism cases targeting valuable artworks. It underscores the vulnerabilities of traditional security measures. This is where AI video analytics comes into play to revolutionize museum security. In this blog post, we will explore how AI video analytics is transforming the landscape of artwork protection in museums, and we will offer a glimpse into the future of museum security.
Smart Museums: The Power of People Counting Systems
Museums are constantly looking for innovative solutions to enhance visitor experiences, streamline operational efficiency and keep up with the latest trends. One such solution is the implementation of people counters. This feature provides precise data on visitor numbers, visitor movement patterns, and peak visiting times of museums. In this blog post, we will explore the various benefits that museums gain from utilizing people counters.
Boosting Museum Value Propositions with AI Video Analytics
Ever wondered how museums can better showcase their impact and attract more support? In this article, we explore how advanced technology is revolutionizing the way museums enhance and communicate their value propositions. Discover how AI video analytics can provide invaluable insights, helping museums clearly demonstrate their worth to donors, sponsors, and the community. Dive into the full article to learn more about this cutting-edge approach and its transformative potential for cultural institutions.
Transforming Travel: The Impact of AI on the Tourism Industry
As the tourism industry evolves, AI video analytics is revolutionizing travel. This technology enhances security with facial recognition, streamlines airport processes, and manages crowds at tourist spots. By analyzing video data, AI provides real-time insights to optimize operations and improve the travel experience. The impact of AI video analytics is shaping the future of travel and tourism industries.
Transforming Sporting Events with AI Video Analytics
2024 is an eventful year for sports lovers! AI video analytics is transforming how we experience sporting events by enhancing security, optimizing venues, and improving athlete performance. It helps manage crowd flow, monitor queues and parking, and provides real-time feedback to athletes, making sports safer and more enjoyable for everyone. As we welcome a new era of sports enjoyment, discover how AI video analytics simplifies event management and elevates the fan experience.
Building the Future: How AI Transforms Real Estate
In an industry traditionally dependent on human power and expertise like real estate, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a game-changer. From enhancing security to offering effective insights, AI is reshaping the way we buy, sell and manage commercial properties. In this blog post, we explore the significant ways AI is revolutionizing the real estate business, bringing a wave of innovation that is set to redefine the future of property transactions and management.
Enhancing Security in Detention Centers with AI Video Analytics
As detention centers, including prisons and mental health institutions, face ever-increasing security challenges, the need for advanced surveillance solutions becomes critical. Can AI video analytics provide an answer, not just in augmenting security measures but also in creating safer environments for all? This article delves into the capabilities of AI video analytics in revolutionizing detention center security by offering sophisticated solutions to monitor, detect, and prevent potential threats.
Traffic Management During Peak Times: Best Practices and Solutions
With warmer weather, more people are hitting the roads to participate in many events happening in the city. All these activities are causing an increase in road traffic and many regions are expected to face increased traffic congestion requires effective traffic management. In this article, we will explore effective traffic management in peak times.
Video Analytics in Banking | How AI is making cameras smart
The banking industry has seen significant technological advancements, from the deployment of ATMs to the release of mobile banking. Now, AI-powered video analytics is the latest innovation, analyzing video footage in real time to improve planning, optimize operations, and enhance security. Read on to learn more about the future of banking with AI and discover the vast solutions of AI video analytics in banking.
How Video Analytics Manages Crisis at Airports?
Crisis management is a critical aspect of airport operations that involves preparing for, responding to, and recovering from emergencies. Given the high traffic and the complex environment of airports, the ability to manage crisis effectively is essential to minimize disruption and ensure passenger safety. In this article, we will deep dive into how video analytics software affects crisis management in airports.
The Rise of AI: What Businesses Need To Know
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing industries with innovations like machine learning and multimodal AI, which integrates text, images, audio, and video for better interactions. These advancements improve customer service, efficiency, and decision-making. Staying informed on AI trends is crucial for businesses to remain competitive and leverage these technologies strategically. Keep reading to explore the latest AI developments.
Eco-Friendly Insights: Video Analytics for Corporate Sustainability
Utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning, video analytics not only enhances the planning, optimization, and security frameworks of corporations but also significantly mitigates the ecological footprint of their services. This article explores how video analytics can transform sustainability practices, offering a promising path for reducing environmental impact through technological innovation.
Empowering Business with AI Video Analytics: Debunking Common Myths
AI Video Analytics is revolutionizing various sectors by improving security, streamlining customer interactions, and optimizing operations. However, misconceptions persist that AI Video Analytics is dangerous. This article emphasizes the necessity of dispelling myths about AI Video Analytics to utilize its benefits, ensuring businesses remain competitive and well-prepared for its integration as an industry standard in a digitally evolving landscape.
Innovating Overcrowding in the Entertainment Industry with AI
AI's smart solutions enhance our experiences and ensure events are both enjoyable and safe, maintaining the venue's reputation. Are you interested in seeing how AI is enhancing the entertainment experiences with innovative approaches? Let's explore how AI transforms our enjoyable moments!
AI Solutions for Enhancing Elderly Care
As our populations age and the number of seniors around the globe rises, the demand for comprehensive elderly care becomes ever more pressing. Can AI video analytics provide an answer, not just in augmenting elderly support but also in fostering an environment where older adults can thrive? This article delves into the capabilities of AI video analytics in revolutionizing elderly care by offering sophisticated solutions to monitor, assist, and enhance the lives of the elderly.
From Browsing to Buying: Enhancing Retail with AI-Based Customer Insights
In an era highlighted by rapid technological advancements, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and video analytics into retail is transforming the industry. The article discusses how the retail industry is being transformed by artificial intelligence (AI) and video analytics.
Managing Hit-and-Run Traffic Accidents with AI
As our urban landscapes become increasingly congested, the challenge of managing traffic while ensuring public safety has never been more critical. Can AI video analytics offer a solution, not only to enhance our urban mobility but also to address the persistent issue of hit-and-run accidents? This article explores the potential of AI video analytics to transform traffic management by providing innovative tools to detect, analyze, and respond to hit-and-run incidents.
AI Solutions for Elevating Hygiene
Successful sanitation practices are key to enhancing customer satisfaction in commercial spaces and passenger experience in airports, where large numbers of people gather every day. In this article, we discuss the heightened awareness of hygiene in public spaces in a post-pandemic era and how AI video analytics can help facilities build optimized cleaning solutions to improve public health and safety.
Things to consider when choosing Video Analytics Software
The right way to go about choosing video analytics software differs from person to person, but there are a few factors common to all. The Isarsoft Guide on how to choose video analytics software details the common factors, in addition to providing insight about applications, features, and benefits.
Conversion in Retail: The Guide to Performance Measurement and Optimization
Brand awareness and sales are two sides of the same coin in retail, linked by a common denominator - conversions. We have compiled the ultimate guide to 'conversions in retail' for you, in order to better highlight how and why video analytics plays an important role in the domain.
How Isarsoft Perception can be used to measure Space Usage in Train Stations
Isarsoft Perception can be used to measure the usage of available space at train stations. Important not just for infrastructural improvement, this function also helps personnel understand the flow of people in the train station and what can be done to simplify it.
Video Analytics in Snowy Weather
In this article, we delve into Isarsoft Perception's functionality in weather and visibility conditions that are far from ideal, alongside how video analytics can be used to regulate traffic and people flows when there is snow to be dealt with.
AI in the Healthcare Industry
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the healthcare industry, and in more ways than one. This article is a deep-dive into the uses and application areas of AI in the medical ecosystem and how it is altering patient care, diagnostics, and drug discovery.
AI in Supply Chain and Logistics
This blog post deals with the world of supply chain and logistics - and how AI-driven tech can make a difference. We go over applications, benefits, and challenges - and round things up with detailed insights in each section.
How Isarsoft boosts CX for Retail Customers
Customer experience (CX) is an essential tool for retailers to map an effective buyer journey and thereby, boost business. In this article, we explore the role CX plays in retail - and how Isarsoft Perception can be implemented to strengthen it.
5 Ways to Enhance the QSR Experience for Customers using Video Analytics
QSR or Quick Service Restaurants, are eateries that are categorized by a primary focus on fast, speedy customer service. In this article, we explore the top five ways in which the qsr customer experience can be enhanced, and how video analytics plays a role in doing so.
AI in Video Surveillance
Access relevant insights into the scope of AI in video surveillance, and learn more about many applications, techniques, and benefits that AI has made possible in the world of video surveillance and analytics.
Urban Data Platforms | Best Practices for Urban Data in Smart Cities
This article provides an overview of urban data, which encompasses the collection and analysis of information related to cities and urban environments. It emphasizes the importance of urban data for urban planning, policy-making, and quality of life improvements and also discusses examples of urban data. The concept of smart cities, which utilize technology and data-driven solutions for enhanced living conditions, is also explained
Enhancing the Customer Experience for Airport Passengers: The Isarsoft Guide
Airports witness thousands, at the very least, of passengers on a regular basis. It is important that the customer experience be streamlined in order to allow for a fast-moving system. In this article, we delve into the intricacies of the customer experience at an airport - and how Isarsoft Perception can be used to enhance it.
Smart City Strategy | The Foundation of Every Smart City
The article discusses the concept of a Smart City and the importance of having a Smart City Strategy. Smart Cities aim to create efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly urban environments. The article highlights examples and Isarsoft Perception is suggested for data analysis in Smart Cities.
AI in Retail
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and retail, if combined, can generate results that simplify and automate many existing processes in the industry, while helping business owners maximize profit. In this article, we conduct an exploration of AI in retail - uses, benefits, and impacts - and highlight how it can be best put to use.
AI in Transportation
AI in transportation is essential for optimizing operations and improving efficiency by enhanced decision-making. It enables companies to optimize resources and minimize costs. AI also enhances risk management and safety by monitoring real-time data and providing insights. The risks of AI must be taken into account, which is why a responsible approach is necessary.
AI in Traffic Management
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a wide scope of application and can be used to make measurable impact in the creation of smart traffic systems. In this article, we explore how AI can be used to enhance traffic efficiency, its many benefits, and how it set to expand in the future.
Smart Queue Management - the Definitive Guide
This article provides valuable insights into the significance of queue management with its impact on customer satisfaction and revenue. The concept of real-time monitoring is explained as part of Isarsofts approach for a smart queue management system to optimize the flow of people through queues. The article discusses different strategies for queue management and areas of application as well as the disadvantages of queue management.
Isarsoft Perception for Smart Retail
In this article, the main focus is on systems that enhance the efficiency of this business sector. Various features can improve the marketing strategies and intern planning process for a better customer experience.
Foot Traffic Analytics & Data: The Isarsoft Guide
People counting is not just limited to the counting of people, but also extends to the consequent analysis of footfall to base business decisions on. In this article, we explore the subject thoroughly and examine a specific case to better understand Isarsoft Perception's foot traffic-related features.
AI in Airports
This article summarizes the role of AI at airports, and how it improves operational efficiency, enhances safety and the passenger experience. AI enables intelligent decision-making, personalized experiences, and cost savings due to optimized resource planning. Lastly, this article includes the possible risks and how they should be handled.
Microsoft Azure IoT Hub Integration
Microsoft Azure IoT Hub is now available for integration and marks another possibility of managing multiple devices and innovative IoT applications together with Isarsoft Perception.
Tackling Overcrowding with Video Analytics: A Smart Solution for Public Transport
This article explains how overcrowding occurs, highlights the negative consequences of it in public transportation, points out the options either for prevention or measures against overcrowding, and addresses how Isarsoft Perception can be a smart solution.
Smart Cities in 2023: Through a Video Analytics Lens
Smart cities are broadly recognised as zones or areas that employ modern technologies in order to enhance the life of their inhabitants. A smart city will usually have a tech-based planning system that encompasses all aspects of daily life. In this article, we take a look at smart cities in 2023 and how video analytics tools such as Isarsoft Perception play a significant role.
Customer Engagement Analytics & Data Guide
This article is about the engagement businesses have with their customers and the associated data collection, analysis, and interpretation of customer data to gain insights into customer behavior, preferences, and interactions, enabling businesses to optimize their strategies, personalize experiences, and foster meaningful engagement with customers.
Performance Measurement in Retail - Top 10 KPIs for Every Retail Business
An effective measurement of performance in retail is a combination of the right tools and the right metrics. In this article, we outline the top 10 KPIs used to conduct retail-oriented performance analysis, and why.
Measuring Traffic Speed: How does Video Analytics help?
The measurement of traffic speed in a consistent, reliable manner is one of Isarsoft Perception's many features. In this article, we discuss how the software does it and the relevance of video analytics in the domain itself.
Smart Parking Lots: A Guide to Video Analytics-based Parking Facilities and Guidance Systems
A deep dive into smart parking facilities, and how Isarsoft Perception helps users optimize parking lots to their full potential.
Genetec Security Center Integration
Genetec Security Center now seamlessly integrates with the advanced video analytics capabilities of Isarsoft Perception
Performance Measurement in Airports - Top 10 KPIs for Every Airport
Performance in airports can be measured in many ways. One of the most effective, is to curate a list of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and use them as the primary basis for performance analysis. In this article, we discuss the top 10 KPIs for an airport.
Performance Measurement in Road Traffic - Top 10 KPIs for Every Traffic Planner
The analysis of road traffic is made easier when traffic planners use carefully chosen, systematic indicators to assess overall performance. In this article, we take a look at the world of traffic and which KPIs are likely to rank at the top for planners.
Loss Prevention in Retail - How Video Analytics helps
An important aspect of retail security is loss prevention. In this article, we discuss what it means, how it can be implemented and how video analytics simplifies security for retailers.
How to Create a Crowd Count Application
Isarsoft Perception offers users a suite of applications catering to specific analytics needs. In this article, we discuss the Crows Count application: the features it encapsulates, how it can be used and why it is an important fixture in Isarsoft's repertoire.
How to Create an Object Count Application in Isarsoft Perception
Isarsoft Perception offers users a suite of applications catering to specific analytics needs. In this article, we discuss the Object Count application: the features it encapsulates, how it can be used and why it is an important fixture in Isarsoft's repertoire.
How Video Analytics Improves Physical Security
The safety regulations for public places, to maintain the level of safety, are extensive for many reasons. Read this article to find out why Isarsoft Perception is the best solution and learn more about the different alarms.
Top 5 Reasons why Smart Intersections are Crucial for Traffic Control
The use of smart technology in traffic systems has grown and evolved. In this article, we delve deeper into a fascinating feature changing the face of intelligent traffic control: smart intersections.
Three Problems of Retail That Could Get Solved by Video Analytics
The competition in the retail market is increasing, like in any other market. Read this article to learn more about its origin, the problems of retail and our solutions for it.
Dwell Time Measurement in Traffic Counting
This article explains Dwell Time Measurement by Isarsoft Perception for Traffic Counting and its benefits for short and long-term changes
People Counting: The Definitive Guide
The counting of people has changed and developed over the years. This article traces the evolution, talks about the rise of people counting technology, and explains how Isarsoft Perception counts people.
How to Visualize People Flow in Train Stations
Isarsoft Perception has extensive functionality in the domain of train stations. It offers a set of video analytics-based visualization to users in order to assess, analyze and optimize train stations better.
Visualizations in Isarsoft Perception
This blog post explains the various Visualizations of Applications and their benefits
How Video Analytics Can Be Used in Winter Destinations
Winter destinations are exciting, lovely and can present quite the challenge when it comes to navigable terrain. This article is about the challenges they present and why it is beneficial to use video analytics.
Anomaly Detection in Train Stations using Video Analytics
Isarsoft Perceptions performs anomaly detection in order to help establish safer, more efficient systems in train stations.
How to Integrate Milestone XProtect with Isarsoft Perception
Learn how to integrate Milestone XProtect with Isarsoft Perception.
How to Create an Object Flow Application in Isarsoft Perception
Learn how to create an Object Flow application in Isarsoft Perception and add lines and zones to it.
How to Integrate Video Management Systems (VMS) with Isarsoft Perception
Learn what a Video Management System (VMS) is and how Isarsoft Perception can be integrated with leading VMS.
How to Send Metadata From Isarsoft Perception to the Cloud or Third-Party Systems
This article explains what the Isarsoft Perception Cloud Connector is, how it works and why it is beneficial to use it when connecting to cloud or third-party systems.
How to Send Metadata From Isarsoft Perception to AWS via Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
This article is a guide on how to send data from Isarsoft Perception to AWS via Amazon Kinesis Data Streams.
How to Send Metadata From Isarsoft Perception via MQTT
This article is a guide on how to integrate Isarsoft Perception via MQTT.
How to Integrate Qognify VMS with Isarsoft Perception
Learn how to integrate Qognify VMS with Isarsoft Perception.
Infrastructure Planning and Expansion in Train Stations using Video Analytics
Infrastructure planning and expansion are instrumental to the smooth functioning of railway stations.
Georeferencing: How Isarsoft Perception enables Location and Speed Tracking via Video Analytics
Isarsoft Perception employs georeferencing in order to provide an user automatic, live data-enabled insights about location and speed.
The European Green Deal, Its Objectives and the Need for Video Analytics
The EU is working on measures to combat climate change, some massive changes need to be done, especially in the area of mobility. We elaborate on how video analytics becomes an integral part to the solution.
How to achieve Energy Optimization using Video Analytics
Video Analytics can be used to optimize energy consumption in a variety of arenas. The adoption of smart technology is quickly witnessing a rise, in order to realize energy efficiency goals.
How Video Analytics Helps Evaluating and Implementing New Public Transport Pricing Models
New pricing models for public transport are being adopted, owing to increased urbanization and digitization. In Germany a cheaper alternative was tested this summer. In this post we demonstrate the positive impact Isarsoft Perception could have for public transport.
How to Create an Alarm in Isarsoft Perception
This tutorial explains the creation of an alarms in Isarsoft Perception.
How to Export Data From Isarsoft Perception to Microsoft Excel
A simple tutorial on how to export data from Isarsoft Perception to Microsoft Excel with just a few clicks.
The Increasing Relevance of Video Analytics
Video analytics has gained distinction over the past few years. With a tech-scape that is constantly innovating and improving, it is now very feasible to make use of data-driven analytics in order to ease strategic planning, obtain accurate KPIs and improve security.
Video Analytics on the Edge
Edge computing essentially refers to a phenomenon that allows the processing of data to happen at a location that is closer to where it is being collected.
Road Safety in Germany: A Changing Perspective
The Federal Government’s Road Safety Programme 2021-2030 outlines the measures that the government wishes to implement to improve safety on Germany’s roads, by the year 2030.
Using AI to Fight Climate Change
With the steady advent evolution of technology, environmentalists have taken to adopting smart technologies to curb climate change.
How to Create a Camera in Isarsoft Perception
A simple tutorial on how to create a camera in Isarsoft Perception with just a few clicks.
Traffic Analysis With Video Analytics
With multimodal transport concepts gaining ground and autonomous driving on the horizon, people's mobility behavior is currently changing faster than ever before.
People Counting
Learn more about what people-counting is, what different solutions to people counting exist and why there is a need for automated people counting.
Automatic Passenger Counting Systems in Busses
As one of the safest road vehicles, buses are highly relevant to mobility. Buses cover various functions depending on their type.
Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) Systems - An Overview
This article provides an overview of which different types of automatic passenger counting systems exist. The strengths and weaknesses of the individual approaches are examined.
3 Reasons for Isarsoft Video Analytics
Inspired by the human ability to see and perceive, Isarsoft develops AI-based video analytics software for use cases outside controlled production environments.
Public Transport Fleet Utilization and Fleet Management
Measuring the utilization of a fleet of vehicles is difficult, but essential for scheduling.